Under-reporting bicycle accidents to police in the COST TU1101 international survey: Cross-country comparisons and associated factors.
Identifieur interne : 000112 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000111; suivant : 000113Under-reporting bicycle accidents to police in the COST TU1101 international survey: Cross-country comparisons and associated factors.
Auteurs : D. Shinar [Israël] ; P. Valero-Mora [Espagne] ; M. Van Strijp-Houtenbos [Pays-Bas] ; N. Haworth [Australie] ; A. Schramm [Australie] ; Guido De Bruyne [Belgique] ; V. Cavallo [France] ; J. Chliaoutakis [Grèce] ; J. Dias [Portugal] ; O E Ferraro [Italie] ; A. Fyhri [Norvège] ; A Hursa Sajatovic [Croatie] ; K. Kuklane [Suède] ; R. Ledesma [Argentine] ; O. Mascarell [Espagne] ; A. Morandi [Italie] ; M. Muser [Suisse] ; D. Otte [Allemagne] ; M. Papadakaki [Grèce] ; J. Sanmartín [Espagne] ; D. Dulf [Roumanie] ; M. Saplioglu [Turquie] ; G. Tzamalouka [Grèce]Source :
- Accident; analysis and prevention [ 1879-2057 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
Police crash reports are often the main source for official data in many countries. However, with the exception of fatal crashes, crashes are often underreported in a biased manner. Consequently, the countermeasures adopted according to them may be inefficient. In the case of bicycle crashes, this bias is most acute and it probably varies across countries, with some of them being more prone to reporting accidents to police than others. Assessing if this bias occurs and the size of it can be of great importance for evaluating the risks associated with bicycling. This study utilized data collected in the COST TU1101 action "Towards safer bicycling through optimization of bicycle helmets and usage". The data came from an online survey that included questions related to bicyclists' attitudes, behaviour, cycling habits, accidents, and patterns of use of helmets. The survey was filled by 8655 bicyclists from 30 different countries. After applying various exclusion factors, 7015 questionnaires filled by adult cyclists from 17 countries, each with at least 100 valid responses, remained in our sample. The results showed that across all countries, an average of only 10% of all crashes were reported to the police, with a wide range among countries: from a minimum of 0.0% (Israel) and 2.6% (Croatia) to a maximum of a 35.0% (Germany). Some factors associated with the reporting levels were type of crash, type of vehicle involved, and injury severity. No relation was found between the likelihood of reporting and the cyclist's gender, age, educational level, marital status, being a parent, use of helmet, and type of bicycle. The significant under-reporting - including injury crashes that do not lead to hospitalization - justifies the use of self-report survey data for assessment of bicycling crash patterns as they relate to (1) crash risk issues such as location, infrastructure, cyclists' characteristics, and use of helmet and (2) strategic approaches to bicycle crash prevention and injury reduction.
DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.09.018
PubMed: 29102034
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Argentine, Australie, Belgique, Croatie, Espagne, France, Grèce, Israël, Italie, Norvège, Pays-Bas, Portugal, Roumanie, Suisse, Suède, Turquie
- Province d'Anvers, Région flamande, Østlandet
- Anvers, Oslo
- Université d'Anvers
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Le document en format XML
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Chliaoutakis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept. Of Social Work, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Greece. Electronic address: jchlia@staff.teicrete.gr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept. Of Social Work, Technological Educational Institute of Crete</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Technological Educational Institute of Crete</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dias, J" sort="Dias, J" uniqKey="Dias J" first="J" last="Dias">J. Dias</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic address: joao.pereira.dias@tecnico.ulisboa.pt.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Universidade de Lisboa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferraro, O E" sort="Ferraro, O E" uniqKey="Ferraro O" first="O E" last="Ferraro">O E Ferraro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre of Study and Research on Road Safety, Dept. Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy. Electronic address: ferraro@unipv.it.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre of Study and Research on Road Safety, Dept. Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Pavia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fyhri, A" sort="Fyhri, A" uniqKey="Fyhri A" first="A" last="Fyhri">A. Fyhri</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Transport Economics, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: af@toi.no.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Transport Economics, Oslo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oslo</settlement><region nuts="2">Østlandet</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sajatovic, A Hursa" sort="Sajatovic, A Hursa" uniqKey="Sajatovic A" first="A Hursa" last="Sajatovic">A Hursa Sajatovic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Zagreb, Faculty of Textile Technology, Zagreb, HR, Croatia. Electronic address: anica.hursa@ttf.hr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Zagreb, Faculty of Textile Technology, Zagreb, HR</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>HR</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuklane, K" sort="Kuklane, K" uniqKey="Kuklane K" first="K" last="Kuklane">K. Kuklane</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Lund University, Sweden. Electronic address: kalev.kuklane@design.lth.se.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Lund University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ledesma, R" sort="Ledesma, R" uniqKey="Ledesma R" first="R" last="Ledesma">R. Ledesma</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>CONICET/U of Mar del Plata, Argentina. Electronic address: rdledesma@conicet.gov.ar.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>CONICET/U of Mar del Plata</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mascarell, O" sort="Mascarell, O" uniqKey="Mascarell O" first="O" last="Mascarell">O. Mascarell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Tráfico y Seguridad Vial, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: Oscar.mascarell@uv.es.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Tráfico y Seguridad Vial, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Valencia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morandi, A" sort="Morandi, A" uniqKey="Morandi A" first="A" last="Morandi">A. Morandi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre of Study and Research on Road Safety, Dept. Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy. Electronic address: amorandi@unipv.it.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre of Study and Research on Road Safety, Dept. Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Pavia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muser, M" sort="Muser, M" uniqKey="Muser M" first="M" last="Muser">M. Muser</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Working Group on Accident Mechanics, Zurich, CH, Switzerland. Electronic address: muser@agu.ch.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Working Group on Accident Mechanics, Zurich, CH</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>CH</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Otte, D" sort="Otte, D" uniqKey="Otte D" first="D" last="Otte">D. Otte</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Accident Research Unit, Medical School Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: Otte.dietmar@mh-hannover.de.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Accident Research Unit, Medical School Hannover</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Medical School Hannover</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Medical School Hannover</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Medical School Hannover</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Papadakaki, M" sort="Papadakaki, M" uniqKey="Papadakaki M" first="M" last="Papadakaki">M. Papadakaki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Lab. Of Health and Road Safety, Dpt. Of Social Work, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Greece. Electronic address: mpapadakaki@yahoo.gr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Lab. Of Health and Road Safety, Dpt. Of Social Work, Technological Educational Institute of Crete</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Technological Educational Institute of Crete</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanmartin, J" sort="Sanmartin, J" uniqKey="Sanmartin J" first="J" last="Sanmartín">J. Sanmartín</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Tráfico y Seguridad Vial, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: sanmarta@uv.es.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Tráfico y Seguridad Vial, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Valencia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dulf, D" sort="Dulf, D" uniqKey="Dulf D" first="D" last="Dulf">D. Dulf</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cluj School of Public Health, Babes-Bolyai University, Romania. Electronic address: Diana.rus@publichealth.ro.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Cluj School of Public Health, Babes-Bolyai University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Babes-Bolyai University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saplioglu, M" sort="Saplioglu, M" uniqKey="Saplioglu M" first="M" last="Saplioglu">M. Saplioglu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept. Civil Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, Turkey. Electronic address: meltemsaplioglu@sdu.etu.tr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept. Civil Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Süleyman Demirel University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tzamalouka, G" sort="Tzamalouka, G" uniqKey="Tzamalouka G" first="G" last="Tzamalouka">G. Tzamalouka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept. 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Shinar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel. Electronic address: shinar@bgu.ac.il.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beer Sheva</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valero Mora, P" sort="Valero Mora, P" uniqKey="Valero Mora P" first="P" last="Valero-Mora">P. Valero-Mora</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Tráfico y Seguridad Vial, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: valerop@uv.es.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Tráfico y Seguridad Vial, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Valencia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Strijp Houtenbos, M" sort="Van Strijp Houtenbos, M" uniqKey="Van Strijp Houtenbos M" first="M" last="Van Strijp-Houtenbos">M. Van Strijp-Houtenbos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research, Netherlands. Electronic address: Maura.houtenbos@swov.nl.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haworth, N" sort="Haworth, N" uniqKey="Haworth N" first="N" last="Haworth">N. Haworth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Electronic address: n.haworth@qut.edu.au.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety, Queensland, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schramm, A" sort="Schramm, A" uniqKey="Schramm A" first="A" last="Schramm">A. Schramm</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Electronic address: a.schramm@qut.edu.au.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety, Queensland, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Bruyne, Guido" sort="De Bruyne, Guido" uniqKey="De Bruyne G" first="Guido" last="De Bruyne">Guido De Bruyne</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Product Development, Faculty of Design Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Electronic address: guido.debruyne@uanterpen.be.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Product Development, Faculty of Design Sciences, University of Antwerp</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Anvers</settlement><region>Région flamande</region><region type="district" nuts="2">Province d'Anvers</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Anvers</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cavallo, V" sort="Cavallo, V" uniqKey="Cavallo V" first="V" last="Cavallo">V. Cavallo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>IFSTTAR, France. Electronic address: viola.cavallo@ifsttar.fr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IFSTTAR</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chliaoutakis, J" sort="Chliaoutakis, J" uniqKey="Chliaoutakis J" first="J" last="Chliaoutakis">J. Chliaoutakis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept. Of Social Work, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Greece. Electronic address: jchlia@staff.teicrete.gr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept. Of Social Work, Technological Educational Institute of Crete</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Technological Educational Institute of Crete</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dias, J" sort="Dias, J" uniqKey="Dias J" first="J" last="Dias">J. Dias</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic address: joao.pereira.dias@tecnico.ulisboa.pt.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Universidade de Lisboa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferraro, O E" sort="Ferraro, O E" uniqKey="Ferraro O" first="O E" last="Ferraro">O E Ferraro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre of Study and Research on Road Safety, Dept. Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy. Electronic address: ferraro@unipv.it.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre of Study and Research on Road Safety, Dept. Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Pavia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fyhri, A" sort="Fyhri, A" uniqKey="Fyhri A" first="A" last="Fyhri">A. Fyhri</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Transport Economics, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: af@toi.no.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Transport Economics, Oslo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oslo</settlement><region nuts="2">Østlandet</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sajatovic, A Hursa" sort="Sajatovic, A Hursa" uniqKey="Sajatovic A" first="A Hursa" last="Sajatovic">A Hursa Sajatovic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Zagreb, Faculty of Textile Technology, Zagreb, HR, Croatia. Electronic address: anica.hursa@ttf.hr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Zagreb, Faculty of Textile Technology, Zagreb, HR</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>HR</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuklane, K" sort="Kuklane, K" uniqKey="Kuklane K" first="K" last="Kuklane">K. Kuklane</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Lund University, Sweden. Electronic address: kalev.kuklane@design.lth.se.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Lund University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ledesma, R" sort="Ledesma, R" uniqKey="Ledesma R" first="R" last="Ledesma">R. Ledesma</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>CONICET/U of Mar del Plata, Argentina. Electronic address: rdledesma@conicet.gov.ar.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>CONICET/U of Mar del Plata</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mascarell, O" sort="Mascarell, O" uniqKey="Mascarell O" first="O" last="Mascarell">O. Mascarell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Tráfico y Seguridad Vial, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: Oscar.mascarell@uv.es.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Tráfico y Seguridad Vial, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Valencia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morandi, A" sort="Morandi, A" uniqKey="Morandi A" first="A" last="Morandi">A. Morandi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre of Study and Research on Road Safety, Dept. Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy. Electronic address: amorandi@unipv.it.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre of Study and Research on Road Safety, Dept. Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Pavia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muser, M" sort="Muser, M" uniqKey="Muser M" first="M" last="Muser">M. Muser</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Working Group on Accident Mechanics, Zurich, CH, Switzerland. Electronic address: muser@agu.ch.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Working Group on Accident Mechanics, Zurich, CH</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>CH</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Otte, D" sort="Otte, D" uniqKey="Otte D" first="D" last="Otte">D. Otte</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Accident Research Unit, Medical School Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: Otte.dietmar@mh-hannover.de.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Accident Research Unit, Medical School Hannover</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Medical School Hannover</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Medical School Hannover</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Medical School Hannover</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Papadakaki, M" sort="Papadakaki, M" uniqKey="Papadakaki M" first="M" last="Papadakaki">M. Papadakaki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Lab. Of Health and Road Safety, Dpt. Of Social Work, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Greece. Electronic address: mpapadakaki@yahoo.gr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Lab. Of Health and Road Safety, Dpt. Of Social Work, Technological Educational Institute of Crete</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Technological Educational Institute of Crete</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanmartin, J" sort="Sanmartin, J" uniqKey="Sanmartin J" first="J" last="Sanmartín">J. Sanmartín</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Tráfico y Seguridad Vial, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: sanmarta@uv.es.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Tráfico y Seguridad Vial, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Valencia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dulf, D" sort="Dulf, D" uniqKey="Dulf D" first="D" last="Dulf">D. Dulf</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cluj School of Public Health, Babes-Bolyai University, Romania. Electronic address: Diana.rus@publichealth.ro.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Cluj School of Public Health, Babes-Bolyai University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Babes-Bolyai University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saplioglu, M" sort="Saplioglu, M" uniqKey="Saplioglu M" first="M" last="Saplioglu">M. Saplioglu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept. Civil Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, Turkey. Electronic address: meltemsaplioglu@sdu.etu.tr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept. Civil Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Süleyman Demirel University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tzamalouka, G" sort="Tzamalouka, G" uniqKey="Tzamalouka G" first="G" last="Tzamalouka">G. Tzamalouka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept. Of Social Work, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Greece. Electronic address: G.tzamalouka@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept. Of Social Work, Technological Educational Institute of Crete</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Technological Educational Institute of Crete</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Accident; analysis and prevention</title><idno type="eISSN">1879-2057</idno><imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Police crash reports are often the main source for official data in many countries. However, with the exception of fatal crashes, crashes are often underreported in a biased manner. Consequently, the countermeasures adopted according to them may be inefficient. In the case of bicycle crashes, this bias is most acute and it probably varies across countries, with some of them being more prone to reporting accidents to police than others. Assessing if this bias occurs and the size of it can be of great importance for evaluating the risks associated with bicycling. This study utilized data collected in the COST TU1101 action "Towards safer bicycling through optimization of bicycle helmets and usage". The data came from an online survey that included questions related to bicyclists' attitudes, behaviour, cycling habits, accidents, and patterns of use of helmets. The survey was filled by 8655 bicyclists from 30 different countries. After applying various exclusion factors, 7015 questionnaires filled by adult cyclists from 17 countries, each with at least 100 valid responses, remained in our sample. The results showed that across all countries, an average of only 10% of all crashes were reported to the police, with a wide range among countries: from a minimum of 0.0% (Israel) and 2.6% (Croatia) to a maximum of a 35.0% (Germany). Some factors associated with the reporting levels were type of crash, type of vehicle involved, and injury severity. No relation was found between the likelihood of reporting and the cyclist's gender, age, educational level, marital status, being a parent, use of helmet, and type of bicycle. The significant under-reporting - including injury crashes that do not lead to hospitalization - justifies the use of self-report survey data for assessment of bicycling crash patterns as they relate to (1) crash risk issues such as location, infrastructure, cyclists' characteristics, and use of helmet and (2) strategic approaches to bicycle crash prevention and injury reduction.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Argentine</li><li>Australie</li><li>Belgique</li><li>Croatie</li><li>Espagne</li><li>France</li><li>Grèce</li><li>Israël</li><li>Italie</li><li>Norvège</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Portugal</li><li>Roumanie</li><li>Suisse</li><li>Suède</li><li>Turquie</li></country><region><li>Province d'Anvers</li><li>Région flamande</li><li>Østlandet</li></region><settlement><li>Anvers</li><li>Oslo</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'Anvers</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Israël"><noRegion><name sortKey="Shinar, D" sort="Shinar, D" uniqKey="Shinar D" first="D" last="Shinar">D. Shinar</name></noRegion></country><country name="Espagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Valero Mora, P" sort="Valero Mora, P" uniqKey="Valero Mora P" first="P" last="Valero-Mora">P. Valero-Mora</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Mascarell, O" sort="Mascarell, O" uniqKey="Mascarell O" first="O" last="Mascarell">O. Mascarell</name><name sortKey="Sanmartin, J" sort="Sanmartin, J" uniqKey="Sanmartin J" first="J" last="Sanmartín">J. Sanmartín</name></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><noRegion><name sortKey="Van Strijp Houtenbos, M" sort="Van Strijp Houtenbos, M" uniqKey="Van Strijp Houtenbos M" first="M" last="Van Strijp-Houtenbos">M. Van Strijp-Houtenbos</name></noRegion></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Haworth, N" sort="Haworth, N" uniqKey="Haworth N" first="N" last="Haworth">N. Haworth</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Schramm, A" sort="Schramm, A" uniqKey="Schramm A" first="A" last="Schramm">A. Schramm</name></country><country name="Belgique"><region name="Région flamande"><name sortKey="De Bruyne, Guido" sort="De Bruyne, Guido" uniqKey="De Bruyne G" first="Guido" last="De Bruyne">Guido De Bruyne</name></region></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Cavallo, V" sort="Cavallo, V" uniqKey="Cavallo V" first="V" last="Cavallo">V. Cavallo</name></noRegion></country><country name="Grèce"><noRegion><name sortKey="Chliaoutakis, J" sort="Chliaoutakis, J" uniqKey="Chliaoutakis J" first="J" last="Chliaoutakis">J. Chliaoutakis</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Papadakaki, M" sort="Papadakaki, M" uniqKey="Papadakaki M" first="M" last="Papadakaki">M. Papadakaki</name><name sortKey="Tzamalouka, G" sort="Tzamalouka, G" uniqKey="Tzamalouka G" first="G" last="Tzamalouka">G. Tzamalouka</name></country><country name="Portugal"><noRegion><name sortKey="Dias, J" sort="Dias, J" uniqKey="Dias J" first="J" last="Dias">J. Dias</name></noRegion></country><country name="Italie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ferraro, O E" sort="Ferraro, O E" uniqKey="Ferraro O" first="O E" last="Ferraro">O E Ferraro</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Morandi, A" sort="Morandi, A" uniqKey="Morandi A" first="A" last="Morandi">A. Morandi</name></country><country name="Norvège"><region name="Østlandet"><name sortKey="Fyhri, A" sort="Fyhri, A" uniqKey="Fyhri A" first="A" last="Fyhri">A. Fyhri</name></region></country><country name="Croatie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sajatovic, A Hursa" sort="Sajatovic, A Hursa" uniqKey="Sajatovic A" first="A Hursa" last="Sajatovic">A Hursa Sajatovic</name></noRegion></country><country name="Suède"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kuklane, K" sort="Kuklane, K" uniqKey="Kuklane K" first="K" last="Kuklane">K. Kuklane</name></noRegion></country><country name="Argentine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ledesma, R" sort="Ledesma, R" uniqKey="Ledesma R" first="R" last="Ledesma">R. Ledesma</name></noRegion></country><country name="Suisse"><noRegion><name sortKey="Muser, M" sort="Muser, M" uniqKey="Muser M" first="M" last="Muser">M. Muser</name></noRegion></country><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Otte, D" sort="Otte, D" uniqKey="Otte D" first="D" last="Otte">D. Otte</name></noRegion></country><country name="Roumanie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Dulf, D" sort="Dulf, D" uniqKey="Dulf D" first="D" last="Dulf">D. Dulf</name></noRegion></country><country name="Turquie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Saplioglu, M" sort="Saplioglu, M" uniqKey="Saplioglu M" first="M" last="Saplioglu">M. Saplioglu</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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